What is PSI ? | Which Grade of Concrete should be used for 3500 PSI Strength? || By CivilGuruji

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What is PSI ? | Which Grade of Concrete should be used for 3500 PSI Strength?

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In this video Er. Kishan Ojha, corporate trainer of Civil Guruji explaining about What is PSI ? | Which Grade of Concrete should be used for 3500 PSI Strength?

PSI indicates pounds per square inch. This is a pressure identification that is used to describe the pressure that is either allowed, or incurred by a process, a piece of equipment, etc. The PSI or pound per square inch is exactly that, it is the pressure exerted on a square inch of surface. There are several elements within the construction industry that are measured by the PSI, pounds per square inch of pressure. Fluids within mechanical equipment, concrete compressive strength, air pressure, hurricane forces, etc. The descriptive measuring unit of PSI is a universally accepted unit of measurement, for pressure throughout the construction industry.

Concrete psi
Pounds per square inch (psi) measures the compressive strength of concrete. A higher psi means a given concrete mixture is stronger, so it is usually more expensive. But these stronger concretes are also more durable, meaning they last longer.

The ideal concrete psi for a given project depends on various factors, but the bare minimum for any project usually starts around 2,500 to 3,000 psi. Each concrete structure has a normally acceptable psi range.

Concrete footings and slabs on grade typically require a concrete of 3,500 to 4,000 psi. Suspended slabs, beams, and girders (as often found in bridges) require 3,500 to 5,000 psi. Traditional concrete walls and columns tend to range from 3,000 to 5,000 psi, while 4,000 to 5,000 psi is needed for pavement. Concrete structures in colder climates require a higher psi in order to withstand more freeze/thaw cycles.

Compressive strength is usually tested at seven days and then again at 28 days to determine the psi. The seven-day test is done to determine early strength gains, and in some cases, it may even be performed as early as three days.

Tensile strength of concrete
Tensile strength is the ability of concrete to resist breaking or cracking under tension. It affects the size of cracks in concrete structures and the extent to which they occur. Cracks occur when tensile forces exceed the tensile strength of the concrete.

Traditional concrete has a significantly lower tensile strength as compared to compressive strength. This means that concrete structures undergoing tensile stress must be reinforced with materials that have high tensile strength, such as steel.

It is difficult to directly test the tensile strength of concrete, so indirect methods are used. The most common indirect methods are flexural strength and the split tensile strength.

The split tensile strength of concrete is determined using a split tensile test on concrete cylinders. The test should be performed according to the ASTM C496 standard.

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